Water Turbines

To study about various types Water Turbines

Hydraulic turbines are uses the potential and kinetic energy of water and converted it into usable mechanical energy as efficiently as possible. The mechanical energy made available at the turbine shaft is used to run an electric motor for generate the electricity.

Different Types of Water Turbines

i. Pelton Turbine

ii. Francis Turbine

iii. Kaplan Turbine

WATER TURBINES:

Introduction:

Hydraulic turbines are uses the potential and kinetic energy of water and converted it into usable mechanical energy as efficiently as possible. The mechanical energy made available at the turbine shaft is used to run an electric motor for generate the electricity.

Classification of Water Turbines:

Impulse Turbine: Are those turbines in which the available fluid energy is converted into kinetic energy by a nozzle.

Reaction Turbine: Are those turbines in which the energy of the fluid is partly transformed into kinetic energy before it enters the runner of the turbine.

S.No	BASIS	IMPLUSE TURBINE	REACTION TURBINE
1.	According to water flow through runner	Tangential Flow (example:- Pelton Turbine)	a) Axial or Parallel Flow (eg. Kaplan Turbine). b) Mixed Flow i.e. Radial and Axial (eg. Modern Francis Turbine). c) Outward Radial Flow (eg. Fourneyron Turbine) d) Inward Radial Flow (eg. Old Francis Turbine)
2.	According to head	High Head (above 250m) :- Pelton Turbine	Low (upto 30 m):- Propeller and Kaplan Turbine. Medium Head (60-250 m):- Modern Francis Turbine.
3.	According to discharge	Small rate of flow: – Pelton Turbine.	Medium rate of flow: – Modern Francis Turbine. Very High: – Propeller and Kaplan Turbine.
4.	According to specific speed (in r.p.m)	For Pelton Turbine:- 9-17 for a slow runner 17-25 for a normal runner 25-30for a fast runner 40for a double jet	For Francis Turbine:- 50–100 for a slow runner 100-150 for a normal runner 150-250 for a slow runner For Kaplan Turbine:- 250-850 r.p.m
5.	According to disposition of shaft	Horizontal shaft and Vertical runner arrangement	Either horizontal or vertical shaft